Abstract The Amazonian forests of Peru are among the most diverse and disturbed by anthropic activities on the planet, today there are still gaps on the composition of the communities and their inter-specific relationships. A forest inventory was carried out in a terraced forest in the Madre de Dios region, 5 blocks were established with 2 rectangular plots of 20m x 500m each to identify and measure individuals with diameter greater than 10 cm. 4429 trees were evaluated and 254 species, 165 genera and 53 families were identified. The distribution of diameter classes and height presents typical patterns of intervened forests, in this case by the extraction of wood decades ago. The average of the biodiversity indices are: Shannon-Wienner 4.039 ± 0.16 and α-Fisher 39.90 ± 9.23, indicating that there is a high diversity of species. The species of greatest ecological importance were: Tetragastris altissima (Aubl.) Swart, Iriartea deltoidea Ruiz & Pav, Euterpe precatoria Mart., Which are fast growing and are present throughout the neo-tropics, Tachigali vasquezii Pipoly, abundant only in the forests of this region; These species took advantage of the opening of the canopy by felling and increased their abundance and dominance in the area. On the other hand, Ocotea bofo Kunth, Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl, Eschweilera coriácea (DC.) S.A. Mori, dominate the forest, but of low abundance, due to changes in the floristic composition after wood harvesting.

Resumen Los bosques amazónicos del Perú están entre los más diversos y disturbados por actividades antrópicas del planeta, hoy en día sigue habiendo vacíos sobre la composición de las comunidades y sus relaciones interespecíficas. Se realizó un inventario forestal en un bosque de terrazas en la región Madre de Dios, se establecieron 5 bloques con 2 parcelas rectangulares de 20m x 500m cada uno para identificar y medir los individuos con diámetro mayor a 10 cm. Se evaluaron 4429 árboles e identificaron 254 especies, 165 géneros y 53 familias. La distribución de clases diamétricas y altura presenta patrones típicos de bosques intervenidos, en este caso por la extracción de madera décadas atrás. El promedio de los índices de biodiversidad son: Shannon- Wienner 4.039 ± 0.16 y α-Fisher 39.90 ± 9.23, indicando que existe una alta diversidad de especies. Las especies de mayor importancia ecológica fueron: Tetragastris altissima (Aubl.) Swart, Iriartea deltoidea Ruiz & Pav, Euterpe precatoria Mart., las cuales son de rápido crecimiento y están presentes en todo el neo trópico, Tachigali vasquezii Pipoly, abundante solo en los bosques de esta región; estas especies aprovecharon la apertura de dosel por talas e incrementaron su abundancia y dominancia en el área. Por otra parte, Ocotea bofo Kunth, Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl, Eschweilera coriácea (DC.) S.A. Mori, dominan el bosque, pero de baja abundancia, debido a los cambios de la composición florística después del aprovechamiento de madera.

ABSTRACT The study analyzes the conservation value of forests assigned to indigenous populations of the Peruvian Amazon: San Jacinto and Puerto Arturo in Madre de Dios, communities with different realities in terms of conservation and forest management. Two scenarios prevail here: The San Jacinto indigenous community with 7 033,98 ha of forest, is characterized by disorder and the development of activities that put the community at risk (gold mining), while Puerto Arturo with 3 731 ha is a community committed to the management and conservation of its resources. By means of the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) through the dichotomous logit model we try to define the willingness of the individuals to accept compensation (WAC) on proposed prices of a hypothetical scenario. The results show that the average annual WAC to implement the environmental program was S/ 20,46 (USD 6,30) and S/ 14,84 (USD 4,57) ha/year respectively. The difference of the WAC is deductible and is product of the levels of impact suffered by both communities due to deforestation, mainly gold mining. Also, these values have an indirect relationship between the income of the indigenous population and potential dangers that affect community forests, while education shows a very significant direct relationship in the WAC. Finally, the forest is important by itself for the indigenous population, and they express a positive disposition for its improvement

RESUMEN El estudio analizó el valor de conservación del bosque que le asignan los pobladores indígenas de la Amazonia Peruana: San Jacinto y Puerto Arturo en Madre de Dios, comunidades que contrastan realidades distintas en cuanto a conservación y manejo de sus bosques. Para ello se plantea dos escenarios: la comunidad indígena de San Jacinto con 7 033,98 ha de bosque, que expresa el desorden y el desarrollo de actividades que ponen en riesgo a la comunidad (minería de oro), mientras que Puerto Arturo con 3 731 ha es una comunidad comprometida con el manejo y conservación de sus recursos. Mediante el método de valoración contingente (MVC) a través del modelo logit dicotómico se intenta definir la disposición de los individuos a aceptar una compensación (DAC) sobre precios propuestos de un escenario hipotético. Los resultados muestran que la DAC promedio anual para implementar el programa ambiental fue de S/ 20,46 (USD 6,30) y S/ 14,84 (USD 4,57) ha/año respectivamente. La diferencia de la DAC es deducible y es producto de los niveles de impactos que sufren ambas comunidades por la deforestación, principalmente por la minería de oro. Asimismo, estos valores presentan una relación indirecta con los ingresos del poblador indígena y peligros potenciales que afectan al bosque de la comunidad, mientras que la educación muestra una relación directa muy significativa en la DAC. Finalmente, el bosque es importante por sí mismo para el poblador indígena, y manifiestan una disposición positiva para su mejora

Phlebotominae (Diptera, Psychodidae) na Província Espeleológica do Vale do Ribeira: 3. Área de pousadas para turistas que visitam o Parque Estadual do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar alguns aspectos ecológicos da fauna flebotomínea em área endêmica de leishmaniose tegumentar situada do Bairro Serra, município de Iporanga, onde se situam pousadas para turistas que visitam o PETAR. As capturas foram realizadas em uma chácara e em um sítio, mensalmente, entre janeiro de 2001 e dezembro de 2003, com armadilhas automáticas luminosas (AAL) em chiqueiro, galinheiro e varanda do domicílio de ambos os locais, e no sítio, também com armadilhas de Shannon branca/preta. Capturou-se com as AALs um total de 87.224 flebotomíneos, representando 19 espécies, mais dois híbridos de Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) e Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto, 1926) e dois espécimes anômalos. Ny. intermedia apresentou o índice de abundância das espécies padronizado = 1,0 e Ny. neivai = 0,935. Na chácara, ambas predominaram no chiqueiro, com a média geométrica de Williams/captura para Ny. intermedia = 63,7 espécimes e para Ny. neivai = 29,2, e no sítio, no galinheiro, Ny. intermedia = 402,6 e Ny. neivai = 116,2. Capturou-se nas armadilhas de Shannon branca/preta 863 flebotomíneos: Ny. intermedia (75,4%) e Ny. neivai (24,3%), as fêmeas sendo significativamente predominantes na branca. As altas freqüências de Ny. intermedia e Ny. neivai, ambas implicadas na transmissão de agente da leishmaniose tegumentar, indicam risco de transmissão da doença na área.

Phlebotomines (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the Speleological Province of the Ribeira Valley: 3. Area of hostels for tourists who visit the Parque Estadual do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), state of São Paulo, Brazil. The study characterizes some ecological aspects of the phlebotomine fauna in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) situated in the Serra district, Iporanga municipality where the hostels for tourists visiting the PETAR are located. Captures were undertaken on a smallholding and a small farm situated near the hostels, monthly between January/2001 and December/2003 with automatic light traps (ALT) in pigsty, hen-house and veranda of a domicile at the two sites, and in peridomicile of the small farm also with black/white Shannon traps. With the ALT a total of 87,224 phlebotomines representing 19 species and also two hybrids of Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva) and Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto) and two anomalous specimens were captured. The standardized index species abundance was for Ny. intermedia = 1.0 and Ny. neivai = 0.935. The highest frequencies of the smallholding occurred in the pigsty, the Williams' mean/capture for Ny. intermedia being 63.7 specimens and for Ny. neivai 29.2, and on the small farm, in the hen-house, Ny. intermedia 402.6 and Ny. neivai 116.2. A total of 863 phlebotomines (Ny. intermedia: 75.4%; Ny. neivai: 24.3%) were captured with black/white Shannon traps; females of both species being predominant in the white trap. The high frequencies of Ny. intermedia and Ny. neivai, both implicated in CL transmission, indicate the areas presenting risk of the disease.

The dispersal and survival of the phlebotomines Nyssomyia intermedia and Nyssomyia neivai (both implicated as vectors of the cutaneous leishmaniasis agent) in an endemic area was investigated using a capture-mark-release technique in five experiments from August-December 2003 in municipality of Iporanga, state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 1,749 males and 1,262 females of Ny. intermedia and 915 males and 411 females of Ny. neivai were marked and released during the five experiments. Recapture attempts were made using automatic light traps, aspiration in natural resting places and domestic animal shelters and Shannon traps. A total of 153 specimens (3.48%) were recaptured: 2.59% (78/3,011) for Ny. intermedia and 5.35% (71/1,326) for Ny. neivai. Both species were recaptured up to 144 h post-release, with the larger part of them recaptured within 48 h. The median dispersion distances for Ny. intermedia and Ny. neivai, respectively, were 109 m and 100 m. The greatest dispersal range of Ny. intermedia was 180 m, while for Ny. neivai one female was recaptured in a pasture at 250 m and another in a pigsty at 520 m, showing a tendency to disperse to more open areas. The daily survival rates calculated based on regressions of the numbers of marked insects recaptured on the six successive days after release were 0.746 for males and 0.575 for females of Ny. intermedia and 0.649 for both sexes of Ny. neivai. The size of the populations in the five months ranged from 8,332-725,085 for Ny. intermedia males, 2,193-104,490 for Ny. intermedia females, 1,687-350,122 for Ny. neivai males and 254-49,705 for Ny. neivai females.

The capture of a new species of the subgenus Migonemyia Galati, 1995 (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae), Migonemyia vaniae sp. nov. in the Ribeira Valley, state of São Paulo, Brazil, together with the other two species: Mg. migonei (França, 1920) and Mg. rabelloi (Galati & Gomes, 1992) lead us to review this subgenus. The new species was described and illustrated. The genitalia of the two other species were also illustrated and some genital characteristics (number of setae on the gonocoxite tuft, ejaculatory ducts and pump and ducts/pump ratio; and number of setae on the tergite VIII of the females) considered important to differentiate the three species, including five populations of Mg. migonei (from Northeastern, Southeastern, and Southern Brazilian regions and of Peru) were submitted to variance analyses. The Mg. migonei population of Northeastern Brazilian region showed distinct smaller values (P < 0.05) than the other Brazilian populations studied as regarding these characteristics. The capture of both sexes of these three species in sympatry confirms the association between the sexes of Mg. rabelloi, recognised as doubtful when this species was originally described. Identification keys for male and female of the three species are presented.

Este trabalho apresenta o resultado do estudo para elaboração de um programa computacional para avaliação e controle de serviços de radiologia médica de médio porte, de acordo com as recentes diretrizes de proteção radiológica do Ministério da Saúde. A rotina do Departamento de Radiologia do Hospital São Vicente de Paulo, Passo Fundo, RS, foi analisada, e a partir desta análise foi desenvolvido um programa computacional utilizando-se ferramentas de computação padrão Windows. O programa, chamado de "Sistema Radiológico", foi implementado e testado com dados e medições, ficando comprovado que a metodologia permite o acompanhamento dos requisitos da Portaria nº 453 do Ministério da Saúde e possibilita ganho de eficiência em diversas atividades.

We present the results of a study for the development of a computational program for the evaluation and control of medium size medical radiological facilities in agreement with the recent guidelines of radiological protection of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The routine procedures of the Radiology Department of Hospital São Vicente de Paulo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil, were analyzed and a computer program was developed using Windows tools. The program named "Sistema Radiológico" (Radiological System) was implemented and tested with data and measurements. The results proved that the methodology employed allows fulfillment of the requirements of the Directive nº 453 of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, and moreover, increases the efficiency of several other activities in the radiology department.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a perda do diâmetro luminal mínimo (DLM) nos primeiros 15min após angioplastia coronária por balão (AC), quantificando sua influência na reestenose coronária. MÉTODOS: Foram estudadas, prospectivamente, 86 AC em 86 pacientes. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois subgrupos de acordo com a presença ou ausência de reestenose; o 1º grupo compreendendo as 31 lesões com reestenose e o 2º, as 55 lesões sem reestenose. RESULTADOS: A análise univariada mostrou que a relação balão/artéria foi menor no grupo com reestenose (0,92±0,01 vs 1,00±0,11, P= .003). O grupo com reestenose apresentou maior recolhimento elástico absoluto e relativo no 1°min (0,79±0,54 vs 0,68±0,59mm; P= 0,007 e 32,04±14,27 vs 22,15±16,65%; P= 0,006.) e no controle angiográfico do 15°min (1,25±0,59 vs 0,90±0,65mm, P= 0,017 e 46,75±15,69 vs 29,18±17,84%, P<0,00001) do que o grupo sem reestenose. O DLM no 1°min foi menor no grupo com reestenose (2,15±0,42 vs 2,43±0,58mm; P=0,022). O grupo com reestenose apresentou uma maior perda precoce no DLM (0,46±0,34 vs 0,22±0,35mm, P= 0,004). Este decréscimo na luz do vaso determinou que o DLM do 15°min fosse ainda menor no grupo com reestenose (1,69±0,48 vs 2,20±0,61; P= 0,0001). Da análise multivariada, entretanto, identificou-se apenas a relação balão/artéria e o DLM do 15°min como os dois fatores independentes mais relacionados à reestenose. CONCLUSÃO: O recolhimento elástico e a perda do DLM ao longo dos 15min são fatores diretamente relacionados à reestenose. Entretanto, a análise multivariada mostrou que a relação balão/artéria e o DLM de 15min são os dois fatores independentes mais fortemente preditores de reestenose.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the early luminal diameter loss in the first 15min after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and its influence on coronary restenosis. METHODS: In a prospective study, we evaluated 86 patients. The patients were divided in two groups based on the presence or absence of coronary restenosis. Thirty one lesions developed restenosis and 55 lesions did not. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that balloon/artery ratio was lower in the group of restenosis (0.92±0,01 vs 1.00±0,11, P= .003). Absolute and relative elastic recoil at 1 min was greater in the group that developed restenosis (0.79±0.54 vs 0.68±0.59mm; P= .007 and 32.04±14.27 vs 22.15±16.65%; P= .006). Similarly, absolute and relative elastic recoil at 15 min were greater in the group with restenosis (1.25±0.59 vs 0.90±0.65mm, P= .017 e 46.75±15.69 vs 29.18±17.84%, P< .00001). Minimal luminal diameter( MLD) at 1min was lower in the group with restenosis (2.15±0.42 vs 2.43±0.58mm; P= .022). The very early loss was greater in the group with restenosis (0.46±0.34 vs 0.22±0.35mm, P= .004). MLD at 15 min was lower in the group of restenosis than in the group without restenosis (1.69±0.48 vs 2.20±0.61; P= .0001). Multivariate analisys revealed balloon/artery ratio and MLD at 15 min as independent correlates of the late outcome. CONCLUSION: The late outcome of PTCA is influenced by elastic recoil and the early MLD loss after PTCA. However, the strongest and most important predictors of late outcome by multivariate analysis were balloon/artery ratio and MLD at 15 min.